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Ming Dynasty’s “Nansheng Lu Si Le Tu” (detail).Bai JuyiHe wrote a large number of poems about the sufferings of people’s livelihood. (Image source: Public domain)
China is the hometown of tea, “Tea Classic“Written in “Tea is for drinking,Shennong“. In the tea world, there is a saying that “tea flourished in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty.” After the mid-Tang Dynasty, the “tea industry” flourished, and tea merchants were already taxed by the government. People of the Tang DynastyteaThe wind flourishes, “tea ceremonyIn Daxing, all princes and scholars drink tea. From high-ranking officials to common people, everyone loves tea. The Tang Dynasty was also a prosperous period for poetry. Tang poems were accompanied by the fragrance of tea, allowing future generations to understand the poet’sTea soul. When poetry and tea blend, the taste is mellow and the rhyme is far-reaching, making tea poetry even more appropriate.tea culturePlay a driving role.
The first tea poem of the Tang Dynasty should be regarded as Bai Juyi. Bai Juyi, whose courtesy name was Letian, can be seen from his nickname “Bie Tea Man” that he loved tea. “Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty” contains more than 2,800 poems by Bai Juyi, including 66 tea poems. Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, he was the first to write a large number of tea into his poems. The tea poems integrated Bai Juyi’s joys, sorrows, joys and ups and downs of life.
Bai Juyi also drank. He would often recite poems and write poems after getting drunk, calling himself “Mr. Drunken Yin”. “Green ants make new fermented wine, and a small stove made of red clay. It’s snowing in the evening, can you drink a glass of wine?” and other poems are very popular, leaving the impression on future generations that the poet loved wine. But Bai Juyi also liked drinking tea. Not only did he claim that he “loved wine but not tea”, he actually loved tea to an extent. He described himself as “tasting a bowl of tea and reading a line of calligraphy”, “having one or two spoons of night tea and three autumn chants”, “or drinking a cup of tea, or reciting a chapter of poetry”, expressing that tea is more important than wine. He is always by his side, and it can be seen from “the fragrance of tea floats with purple bamboo shoots, and the red scales fall off the bamboo shoots” that he prefers tea to wine. Bai Juyi put a lot of effort into drinking tea. He was particularly particular about tea leaves, water, tea sets and the heat of sencha, even to the point of being strict, which is also reflected in his poems. “Sit and drink the cool water, watching the dust frying. I hold a bowl of it and leave it to the tea lovers.” He said that in his life he only shared good tea with like-minded people. “Reciting frosty sentences and tasting snow-water tea.” He loved tea very much and believed that impure water was not worthy of good tea. When he was over fifty years old, he worked tirelessly and went to the wild to find mountain springs and snow-water to make tea. He was very fond of tea. There are strict requirements on water quality, tea making process and utensils.
Bai Juyi’s meticulousness in drinking tea is reflected in the details in his poem “Thanks to Li Liulang for sending new Sichuan tea”. He wrote: “Old love, Zhou Zhaxiang and friends, new tea is divided into sheets and sick people. A letter behind a book on red paper, a letter on the green Ten slices of buds come before the fire. Add a ladle of soup to fry the fish eyes, and stir up the dust with a knife. If you don’t send it to others, send it to me first. I am the one who deserves it. “Farewell Tea Man.” This poem not only expresses the joy of being given tea by a sick friend, but also describes in detail the process of the poet unable to hold back his joy, grinding tea, ladling water, and cooking it, “adding ladles of water to the soup.” “Fried fish eyes”, the delicate changes at the moment when the tea boils penetrate time and space, conveying the warmth and fragrance on the tip of the tea to people’s hearts. He calls himself a “different tea person”, which not only reflects his deep affection for tea, but also stems from his confidence in his ability to appreciate tea. After reading it, I feel quite impressed that the person who understands tea in ancient and modern times is Bai Juyi. The self-proclaimed “other tea man” established Bai Juyi’s status as a representative figure of tea culture. He is not only a poet, but also a person who understands and loves tea, and has unique insights and appreciation of tea. In this way, Bai Juyi’s attainments and taste in tea ceremony are reflected in his tea poems.
According to legend, during his tenure in Chang’an, Bai Juyi often used tea poems to communicate with friends, and he loved wine and tea. “Looking at Feng Xiaogan, he drinks three liters of wine and eats cold food in a deep furnace with a bowl of tea.” Playing the piano, poetry, wine, and tea were his leisure pursuits outside officialdom, and they were indispensable. Once at a gathering with court officials, Bai Juyi took out his own secretly roasted tea and invited everyone to taste it, which won full praise. Someone sighed on the spot: “This tea from Lotte can relieve dryness with literature and clear fire with martial arts. It is suitable for all six classes in the court.” From then on, everyone called this fragrant tea secretly made by Bai Juyi “Liu Class Tea”. Nowadays, “Liuban Tea”, a well-known drink that strengthens the stomach, sobers up alcohol, relieves sleepiness and relieves fatigue, was created by Bai Juyi, also known as “Bai’s Liuban Tea”. The unique baking technique has been perfected after thousands of years of experience.
Why did Bai Juyi have a special liking for tea? Researchers in the past have focused on the cultural character of tea drinkers, but the author has also seen some other interesting statements: In the Tang Dynasty, the government began to establish the “Liquor System”, which stipulated that wine must be appraised and approved by officials before it can be sold on the market. You can sell privately brewed wine if you want. , but you have to pay a high appraisal fee, which increases the cost of wine and sets the price very high. Bai Juyi was an honest official and could not afford to drink a lot of expensive wine, so he substituted tea for wine. Here are his poems for It proves that “it is not advisable to be dim with clear shadows, and use tea instead of wine.” There is also a different saying: the “tribute tea” system that began in the Western Zhou Dynasty was perfected in the Tang Dynasty, and exquisite tribute tea became a high-end tea exclusively for the royal family. At that time, writers and poets in the society imitated the palace and drank tea. Composing poetry is a sign of elegance, and drinking tea is also a symbol of status. For example, Bai Juyi wrote in “Qin and Tea”: “The only thing I know about Qin is Lushui, and the old things in tea are Mengshan.” This poem expresses his preference and elegant taste for Qin and tea. Throughout Bai Juyi’s life, during the first half of his life when he was in officialdom and determined to make a difference, and during his enterprising political career, he rarely wrote a large number of poems that were more considerate of the sufferings of the people. In the second half of his life, Bai Juyi shifted from politics to focusing on literature, and became devoted to Buddhism. He called himself “Xiangshan layman”. His later poems reflect his closeness to tea and Zen, accompanying him with tea and wine, and his attachment to the mountains and rivers. Therefore, some people say that he “helped the world” in the first half of his life, and “took care of himself” in the second half of his life.
AD 815 was a turning point in Bai Juyi’s life. He was demoted by the imperial court to serve as a Sima in Jiangzhou. He met a merchant woman by chance at the head of the Xunyang River. After hearing about her miserable life experience, he wrote the famous poem “Pipa Xing”, sighing that “we are all fallen people in the world.” According to the “Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty”, Bai Juyi “spared the swamps, planted trees, built stone buildings, and dug eight-section beach every day since then. For the pleasure of sightseeing, tea, wine and ladles were never separated.” In other words, that For a period of time, Bai Juyi was in the official position because of his upright character. Being rejected by the field, he felt lonely, but he did not languish. He dug ditches and ponds, planted trees, built stone buildings, and dug the Eight Section Beach, where he planted tea himself, listened to the gurgling spring water, and drank the fragrant tea. Leisurely and contented. In his free time, he wanders among the mountains and forests, accompanying himself with wild deer, forest cranes, drinking cool camellia alone, and is at peace with the situation.
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