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Mao Zedong met with Zhang Lan, Chairman of the China Democratic League. (Internet picture)
The China Democratic League (China Democratic League), which was launched during the Anti-Japanese War and grew during the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, is a self-proclaimed “middle-line” democratic force. It is an opponent of the Kuomintang and a friend of the Communist Party. But in fact, the NLD is neither a “middle-of-the-road” force nor simply a friend of the Communist Party.
Secret alliance members have long been in contact with the CCP. In the film “The Founding of the People’s Republic of China” as a tribute to the “Daqing” celebration of the 60th anniversary of the CCP’s rule, it also reflects the Kuomintang’s suppression of democratic parties, especially the “killing of all” the Democratic League. It was not polite – not only ordered the Democratic League to be banned, Its chairman Zhang Lan was also placed under house arrest. Why does the Kuomintang treat the Democratic League with such “different eyes”?
It turns out that just like the Communist Party has underground members and secret members, the Democratic League also develops secret members. For example, among the senior generals of the Kuomintang army, the “King of Yunnan”, Chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government and Chairman of the Military Commission of the National Government, Kunming Camp Director Long Yun, Xi, one of the famous “Sichuan Er Liu” Liu Wenhui, Chairman of the Kang Provincial Government and Commander of the 24th Army of the National Army, and Pan Wenhua, Commander-in-Chief of the 28th Group Army, secretly joined the Democratic League in 1944 through Zhang Lan’s personal development, introduction and oath-taking (in fact, , Long and Liu established secret radio contact with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Yan’an earlier). Therefore, the Democratic League is different from other democratic parties in that its members include not only public literati, but also “underground” generals, that is, they have both pens and guns. And it was different from the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee (Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee). The military members in the Kuomintang Revolution were all generals who had retired or even left the Kuomintang regime, such as the famous Generals Feng Yuxiang, Li Jishen, Cai Tingkai, etc. However, the military members of the Democratic League were They are all still powerful active generals who hold heavy troops and even dominate one side.
At the beginning of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, when Mao Zedong was invited by Chiang Kai-shek to negotiate in Chongqing, he met and had secret talks with Zhang Lan, Chairman of the Democratic League, many times. The important topic was the united front and instigation of rebellion against the Sichuan Army. Mao said: Once the civil war breaks out, he hopes that Zhang can influence local powerful factions to cooperate with the CCP. He also hopes that Zhang will help the underground party of the CCP develop underground armed forces and organize guerrillas. The following year, the Nationalist Government returned its capital to Nanjing. Zhou Enlai, who stayed in Chongqing to continue negotiations with the Kuomintang, before leaving Chongqing for Ningbo with the Nationalist Government, also specifically entrusted the Democratic League organization to inform Liu Wenhui, asking him to recognize the situation clearly at this critical moment of change. He pointed out that only by persisting in opposing the Nanjing government of the Republic of China can there be a bright future. At the end of 1949, the Communist army marched into the southwest, and Zhou sent a telegram urging Liu to immediately start an uprising. On December 9, Liu Wenhui, together with Pan Wenhua and Deng Xihou, deputy chiefs of the Southwest Military and Political Administration, sent a telegram to the Communist Party in Peng County, disrupting Chiang Kai-shek’s “Decisive Battle in Western Sichuan” deployment. Liu also instigated the rebellion of Luo Guangwenbu, the commander of the 15th Corps who rushed to Sichuan to reinforce Hu Zongnan’s group, and played an important role in the Communist army’s gathering and annihilation of Hu’s troops in western Sichuan. Long Yun, who was forced out of Yunnan by Chiang Kai-shek and temporarily lived in Hong Kong after escaping Nanjing, has also been mobilizing his old subordinate Lu Han (who succeeded Long as chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government) and others to revolt in Yunnan. As a result, Lu and others also echoed the sentiments of Liu Wenhui and others from Sichuan, and both switched sides on December 9th. The Democratic League made great contributions to the Communist army’s occupation of the southwest.
It can be seen that the Democratic League is not actually a democratic force that takes the “middle line” between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. In addition to openly engaging in a “war of words” with the Kuomintang, it is also secretly accumulating its own armed forces; the Democratic League also assists the Kuomintang militarily. The Communist Party’s allies and comrades in subverting the Kuomintang regime. The reason why the Democratic League was particularly severely suppressed by the Kuomintang regime was that it was caught using “secret” firepower to fight. Also, Hu Yuzhi, a backbone of the Democratic League who served successively as secretary-general, vice-chairman and first vice-chairman, did not know until the mid-1980s that he was covered with the Communist Party flag when he died in the mid-1930s. Already a secret member of the Communist Party! The NLD’s unusualness among the democratic parties is once again evident.
Editor in charge: Zi Meng
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