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Mao ZedongHis greed for money and sex is staggering. (Internet picture)
Since the “reform and opening up”,corruptionIt is indeed very serious. evenwithin the systemMost people have a crisis of confidence. So people tend to feel nostalgic. It seems that when Mao Zedong was in power, everything was clear and the mirror was high. In fact, most people who have such emotions do not understand history, or they have learned something that is not real. Secondly, there is no comparison between the current corruption and the Mao era. Don’t look at the small amount of corruption in the Mao era. At that time, if the 10 kilograms of rice on hand were rotten, people would starve to death! Now, based on the author’s testimony of the Mao Zedong era, I will list a few words to enlighten people today, rather than to protect today’s shortcomings.
1. In 1950, the owner’s private property was invaded
The extravagant wealth obtained by farmers from fighting landlords and bureaucrats, which farmers called “victory fruits”, was piled up in farmers’ associations. When grassroots township (it was a small township at that time, equivalent to a village, but larger than today’s village) cadres and farmers’ association activists divided the fruits of victory. , a little messy, but it’s nothing. One day in April, Xu Moumou, head of the Nanxia Cadre District, came to the anti-reflection point where I was to inspect the work. He saw a delicate box among the floating treasures. When he opened it, he saw that it contained two brand new unengraved jade medals, each about one centimeter. Long, four centimeters wide. Xu reached out and took it into his bag, we were surprised! No one spoke at that time. An armed cadre who went south with me in Hengtou District took some gold and silver silk and satin at the anti-reflection point in Baisha Town. Before the Three Rebellions in 1952, the county party committee secretary transferred him to Guangdong. Because the Minister of Arms was originally his orderly who was drawn from the rural militia when he went south. During the land reform, an organization director of the Standing Committee of the Prefectural Committee copied many books, calligraphy and painting cultural relics from the houses of bureaucratic landlords, selected a large cart, and handed the rest to the county No. 1 Middle School Library.
2. In 1950, leading cadres took the lead in enjoying
In 1950, I served as secretary of the district party committee. Life in the district was very difficult at that time. Each cadre was only given 90 kilograms of rice a month (equivalent to 8.7 yuan). The secretary of the district party committee assigned a cadre to do business, and the money he earned was To improve life, each person buys a large Venus pen worth 5 yuan and a pair of sneakers. Later, the higher authorities were not allowed to do business. But as soon as I arrived at the special area for a meeting, I started eating and drinking heavily. One meal consists of eight large and eight small dishes, twelve surrounding plates, and four large hard disks. Maotai liquor, red gold smoke, and Ma Lianliang’s theater tickets. The leader toasted in person, and his subordinates responded in kind, staggering around endlessly. The guns and bullets confiscated from the houses of landlords and bureaucrats are almost always used by whoever gets them. As long as the county party committee secretaries hear that guns and bullets were confiscated from a district, in addition to turning in long guns, almost all pistols are at hand. . But this can only be qualified by party members and leaders. Not long ago, I was also assigned a pair of old large Brownings to play with. They all pick up the goods first and then issue the gun license. It was not confiscated until 1956 when cadres suppressed counterrevolutionaries.
3. “Three Antis and Five Antis Movement” in 1952
Three antis and five antis propaganda. (Picture source: Internet picture)
I studied at the Changsha Provincial Institute of Finance and participated in the public trial of Changsha City Public Security Bureau Chief Wang Pimin, which was held by thousands of people and was immediately shot. There are more than 300 students in the school. In less than a month, they have shot 200 tigers (more than 10,000 yuan). There are even fewer people watching the tigers. Because these people came from more than 80 counties and cities across the province, they did not know each other, and they fought randomly. They were all suppressed and forced to confess by political campaigns. The case could not be closed and they had to be released to each county. The figures set by the province are unclear after repeated inspections, and the cases are not dared to be closed, and some cases cannot be reused for life.
From July 30 to August 12, the county’s cadres and workers carried out the “Three Antis Movement” of “anti-corruption, anti-waste, and anti-bureaucracy”. 605 people participated in the movement, accounting for 73% of the total number of cadres and employees. 122 people were exposed for corruption of more than 100,000 yuan (old currency), 19 for more than one million yuan, and 38 people were punished.
As soon as the peasant cadres entered the city, they were dazzled by the colorful city and their hearts beat frequently. Through this campaign, we can educate the majority of cadres, curb unhealthy tendencies, and serve as a timely rain. But the method used was mass political movement, not the rule of law. The crowd rose up and started fighting in large numbers, making it difficult to distinguish. Later, the implementation and closing of the case brought great difficulties. Some people were not allowed to close the case for life and could not be used again. There are people who have been driven to commit suicide and will never be innocent for the rest of their lives, and there are also real corrupt individuals who have become anti-corruption activists. This makes people think that as long as they are well-connected, they can take leadership in the movement and the movement will be better off. As a result, the legacy of continuous anti-corruption and continuous corruption was left. The specific situation will be detailed later. In the subsequent 20 years of continuous campaigns, anti-corruption content was almost always included. This is because for more than 20 years, cadres have been living at the minimum living standard, the country’s economy has been developing slowly for a long time, and there is no formal legal system to deal with corruption.
During the Great Famine, starvation was everywhere in China. In 1961, Mao Zedong, who was reading the official media, was very rich. (Image source: Public domain)
4. The Three Anti Movements in Rural Areas in 1960
From June 3 to 15, 1960, when all the people were living a hard life and starving to death, the county committee convened 2,808 cadres from counties, communes, brigades, and production teams to participate in the “Three Antis Movement” against corruption, theft, and bureaucracy. , focusing on criticizing the 76ers. Subsequently, the whole county carried out the campaign at all levels. Of the 15,582 people participating in the movement (including rural cadres who were not out of work), 3,230 committed corruption and refunded 340,137 yuan in compensation. In the end, 728 people were convicted and 365 people were punished in different names. It took half a year to end. Materials were very scarce at that time. Not only were grain, oil and cloth supplied by ticket, but also soap, matches, cigarettes, etc. used in daily life had to be provided through the back door. During the Chinese New Year, each person gets half a catty of pork, one catty of tofu, and one liang of red dates. So there is a song: “Big cadres come to the door, middle cadres open the back door, and small cadres squeeze the counter door.” There are also special gifts for leading cadres. The market is divided into low prices and high prices, and cadres are distributed according to grades, so ordinary people have no hope.
5. The 1961 Rectification Movement (referred to as the Anti-Five Styles)
In the winter of 1960, a “rectification and social rectification” campaign was launched in rural areas for cadres below the brigade level. 23,958 cadres from brigade, production team, and work groups participated (4,958 party members and 18,709 non-party members), focusing on combating violations of law, discipline, and forced orders.
On December 25, the county held a three-level cadre expansion meeting with 189 people. Using group propaganda and big-character posters, it first helped the county party committee to expose 642 five-style issues, 258 communist styles, 89 command styles, and 117 exaggeration styles. There are 121 blind command styles and 57 specialization styles. 49 of the 92 units directly under the county made five-wind mistakes, and the assets below them were adjusted to the tune of 552,099 yuan.
On January 20, 1961, a cadre expansion meeting was held at the county, district, and community levels. 2,835 people participated in the movement, 217 of whom committed five-style mistakes, and 53 of whom made serious mistakes.
Through the above various criticism struggles, 486 people with serious problems were selected, trained, criticized, detained, and confessed within a time limit by the county and commune levels. A total of 142 people were detained and 40 people were sentenced (27 grassroots cadres and 13 Category Five elements). 214 national cadres were purged, and 4,627 cadres below the brigade level were newly selected to replace the original cadres.
This movement ended in February 1962, but it did not end. The new cadres could not open up the situation, and they had been poor for a long time. Once they came to power, they had money and materials in hand, and the family could not open the pot. Naturally, they could no longer get out the money, even worse than before. It turns out that the cadres are quite capable.
6. The 1962 Rectification Movement (referred to as the Anti-Five Evil Movement)
At the end of 1962, the superiors suddenly proposed a rectification campaign based on the “five evil trends”, namely, “working alone”, “speculation”, “theft”, “card gambling”, and “theft”. “Superstitious wind”. Basically, corruption started by stealing food and property from the warehouses of grassroots cadres.
In the autumn of 1963, the “Socialist Education Movement” was launched. Initially, the “Four Cleanups Movement” consisted of cleaning up accounts, cleaning up property, cleaning up warehouses, and cleaning up workers. Probably it was later found that these four contents could not be included in the program of class struggle and were not comprehensive, so they developed into Qing politics, Qing thought, Qing organization, and Qing economy. Starting from January 12, 1964, a total of 1,027 people were transferred to social education work teams from provinces, prefectures, and counties. Among them, 380 cadres from rural areas were transferred from rural areas to the social education work team, and the rest were from county agencies and enterprises. Transfer and proceed in batches. For a moment, the thunderous force turned the earth upside down, and all the vegetation and trees were soldiers. Here is an example:
On August 6, 1964, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee issued the “Decision on Dealing with the Problem of Corruption and Deterioration of Key Members of the Changning County Party Committee.” According to internal reports: “In the spring of 1963, the main serious problems of the Changning County Party Committee were exposed. Among the five secretaries and deputy secretaries, four of them were promiscuous with women. The deputy secretary and county magistrate Zhang Zongguang was thoroughly corrupt. Since 1957, Zhang had used his power to rape and molest women. 69 women, three secretaries Wang, Zhang and He, the same female cadre (author’s note: director of the county party committee office) has been committing adultery, planting cronies, and shielding bad guys for a long time; in 1961, Zhang Zongguang sent people to Guangzhou to illegally purchase black market watches and sold them at reduced prices. division Cadres at the bureau level and above purchased more than 270,000 square feet of industrial cloth and withheld more than 32,000 square feet of special cloth coupons for civilian, wedding, and funeral purposes (Editor’s note: At that time, each person only had 3 feet of cloth coupons for the whole year), covering up for each other. , complicity in order to purify the party group. To organize and maintain party discipline and state laws, Zhang Zongguang was expelled from the party and sentenced to life imprisonment. The other three were dismissed and their salaries were reduced. One person died of illness and was no longer dealt with. Six people were transferred from other places to the reorganized county committee and the central government reported the incident. ”
Zhang Zongguang wanted to see women when he saw them. In that era of class struggle, not only ordinary cadres did not dare to fly into the flames, but no one in the Standing Committee dared to run a red light. Here, there is a denouncement campaign to punish the bad guys, but over there, County Magistrate Zhang is holding a woman in a dark room and calling to direct the denouncement meeting. He took his mistress to the province for a meeting, and the director stood guard for her. This case became one of the three major news stories that Chang Ning went to Beijing to become famous throughout the country during the “Three Red Flags” period. (The other two items are Huangdong in the alpine mountainous area, which produces 80,000 kilograms of rice per mu, and the utilization coefficient of the small blast furnace of Songbai Iron Works, which is 21.25)
There are endless strange stories in the Four Cleans Up Movement. Here is an example: Early one morning, the correspondent opened the door of a deputy secretary and went in to clean. Suddenly he found that the deputy secretary was sleeping in the same bed as the office director, and he immediately left. In order to kill someone and silence him, the secretary falsely accused the correspondent of mental illness and asked the Public Security Bureau to arrest him.
Chang Ning’s scandal, the Central and Provincial Party Committees considered the current class struggle situation very serious and determined to use five or six years to thoroughly implement “socialist education” in urban and rural areas.
On September 9, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee organized a “social education working group of 10,000 people” to station in Changning. It has ten sub-groups, which are stationed in 5 districts, 1 town, 37 communes and 106 agencies, enterprises and institutions in counties and districts. There are 1,334 people in the work group in Hengyang, 1,117 in Hengshan, 1,425 in Hengnan, 700 people from the prefectural committee, and the county cadres are all in the position of being suppressed. Only 207 people are stationed in one commune.
The first batch of people participating in the movement included 21,204 people (4,615 internal party members and 19,208 non-off-the-job cadres). They worked during the day and were subject to scrutiny and criticism at night, launching the “Poverty Association” to fight against the “four unclear cadres”. Use the enemy’s method to be extremely tight for a while. Some homes were ransacked, clothes were pawned and sold, and some even committed suicide. Reorganize a group of poor peasants, establish a Poor Peasants Association, seize power, and make a new shift.
In January 1965, the central government issued “Some Issues Currently Raised in the Socialist Education Movement” (referred to as Article 23). Most of those who were persecuted were liberated one after another. 234 people were punished by party and government disciplines, 5 were sentenced to prison or reeducation through labor, 4 were classified as “new bourgeois elements” and 4 were classified as “landlords”.
In September, a second batch of 1,488 people were mobilized to attack the remaining 22 communes, and the ruthless attacks were repeated. Then the Cultural Revolution came and the Four Clean-ups movement died.
The first batch of the Four Clean-ups had just ended. In order to consolidate the achievements of social education, Yuchi Commune retained a team leader as an instructor. In fact, this instructor had already taken a liking to a director of the Women’s Federation in the commune and immediately hooked up with her. The people in the commune couldn’t stand it and captured the pair alive one morning. People ridiculed: “This is also the fruit of victory of the Four Cleansing Movement.”
8. 1966 ~ The unprecedented “Proletarian Cultural Revolution” movement
Mao Zedong didn’t know what he was thinking when faced with the delicacies. (Picture source: Internet picture)
In the late period of the Cultural Revolution, the overwhelming “Three Investigations and One Clearance Movement” and the “One Strike and Two Countermeasures Movement” (combatting counter-revolutionary and sabotage activities, opposing corruption and waste, and opposing speculation) were still used. In 1977 and 1978, under the slogan of criticizing Jiang Qing’s counter-revolutionary clique, another “one batch, two strikes, and three cleans” campaign was launched (criticizing Jiang Qing’s counter-revolutionary clique, combating the sabotage activities of class enemies, and combating the rampant attacks and purges of capitalist forces). politics, economic clean-up, and team clean-up), and continue the “one batch, two strikes, three rectifications” batch of revisionism, crack down on the sabotage of capitalist forces and class enemies, rectify ideas, rectify work style, and rectify the leadership team). Cleaning up the economy means fighting corruption.
What is described here is what the author personally witnessed, and most of the data comes from the county archives. This is just a small change in a county in the 28 years from the founding of New China to the death of Mao Zedong. As for other places or high-level matters, I don’t know and don’t talk nonsense. It can be seen that anti-corruption content has been included in the campaigns in recent years. This also shows that corruption is not only numerous and serious, but also irreversible. Of course, the amount was not as large as it is today, but when both the government and the private sector were very poor, and a farmer’s daily work-point income was only 8 cents, the use value of being greedy for a little money was very great. This also proves that corruption cannot be fought without a good legal system.
The root cause of corruption is the lack of supervision. A regime without supervision is bound to be corrupt. Therefore, whether it is corrupt or not is entirely a matter of system.
Therefore, the system that produces centralization and totalitarianism must be abolished! Let the citizens supervise the use of power!
Editor in charge: Wen Li
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