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Communist Party of ChinaBrutally fight against local rich peasants and divide their private property. (Internet picture)
From May to June 1943, the rescue movement enabled the Yan’an generation to experience thered terror. Yan’an Hongqing (like Li Rui, Wei Junyi, He Qifang, Hu Qiaomu) were burned by ideals and revolution. Not only did they not understand the distant Soviet Union, they also did not understand the history of the Communist Party of China right before their eyes – the South.Soviet areaThe Red Terror was quite tragic.
Violent burning, killing, looting during the Jinggangshan period
During the Northern Expedition (called the Great Revolutionary Period by the CCP), the violence of the peasant movement in the Hunan and Hunan provinces was already confirmed by Mao Zedong’s “Inspection Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan”. The three major riots (that is, the beginning of the CCP’s independent campaign) were full of violence.
For example, the Guangzhou Riots (1927.12.11) – Zhang Fakui (1896-1980): In December 1927, the Chinese Communist Party rioted in Guangzhou. The Nationalist Army quickly returned to the army. Seeing that the situation was over, the Chinese Communist Party actually prepared to burn the city and gathered five to six hundred rickshaw pullers with a small number of people. A five-gallon barrel of oil, a box of matches, and a bundle of newspapers were prepared to set fires everywhere. Fortunately, the Cantonese army arrived in time to stop the atrocities. Jew Maurice. He En was Sun Yat-sen’s bodyguard, a target of Zhou Enlai’s united front in the 1970s, and witnessed the Guangzhou riots. According to his biography: the Communist Party captured the anti-communist Federation of Trade Unions Hall and burned more than a hundred workers to death; more than 500 peasant movement elements entered the city to join the fight, scattering small groups. Troops burned houses, looted property, and killed people everywhere; a fire broke out in the central bank, and the Communist Party occupied the fire brigade and was not allowed to put out the fire; rioters set fire to a Japanese hospital, and a 15-year-old girl guarded the dock with a gun, and the luggage of refugees was searched when they boarded and disembarked the ship. CCP publications also revealed that before the Guangzhou riots, the CCP planned to make a killing list, and all cultural figures who held the Kuomintang stance were included in it. Sun Yat-sen University student Zhang Zijiang, “Republic of China Daily” editor-in-chief Yuan Mou, and others were either beaten to death in the street or dragged to the riot headquarters and shot. Fu Sinian was also on the list, but he escaped this disaster thanks to a tip-off.
During the Yan’an period, the ultra-left tendency of unrestricted revolutionary means and instrumentalization of moral principles was curbed. The absolute egalitarianism of killing the rich and giving to the poor for ten years can mobilize some farmers to “join” in the short term, but this violent policy that only destroys but does not build will only be effective for a short time at most and cannot be sustained in the long term.
The CCP plundered private property from landlords in Hunan, killing landlords and even their relatives. (Internet picture)
On February 25, 1929, Yang Kemin (1905-1930), Secretary of the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee, reported to the Central Committee: The only source of the Red Army’s economy came from attacking local tyrants, and because of its wrong policy on the agrarian revolution, it even destroyed the petty bourgeoisie, rich peasants, and Small businesses were also among those who were overthrown. After the great destruction, they did not pay attention to construction problems or the crisis of economic panic, which led to the bankruptcy of all rural areas and an increasingly violent collapse.
Because the supply exceeds demand, the value is as high as Shanghai’s prices. Because the economy has collapsed and the economic panic has reached such an extent, the general public feels very painful and cannot find a way out. Therefore, many rich and middle peasants rebel, middle peasants waver, and poor peasants Unrest, a serious crisis has occurred regarding the revolutionary front in the countryside… This crisis of economic panic is the fatal injury to the border separatism. (Compiled by the Jiangxi Provincial Archives and the Party History Teaching and Research Office of the Party School of the Jiangxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China: “Selected Historical Materials of the Central Revolutionary Base Area”, Jiangxi People’s Publishing House, 1982 edition, volume 1, pages 19-20.)
The violent policies of the Southern Soviet Area in Jiangxi
The land policy of the southern Soviet area is: “Landlords do not divide their fields, and rich peasants divide bad fields.” “Qiu Hui’s Memoirs”: “Landlords do not divide their fields, and killing does not count as killing relatives.” Landlords have no way out, they must either run away or Fight with you desperately.
In 1935, Su Yu, the leader of the Red Army in the Zhejiang and Fujian guerrilla zones, formally proposed in the party: attacking local tyrants and dividing their fields would cover a large area of attack, which would not be conducive to uniting and winning over other social classes.
Like the Soviet areas in the south, the Red Army in northern Shaanxi also burned, killed and looted from time to time. Reporters at the time reported: “The Communist Party took the opportunity to riot again, robbed food and killed people. Not only were all their old savings robbed, but farmers even left their cultivated land due to social disorder. ,born Li Tengfang, the head of Yanchuan County, said: “Yanchuan County is famous for its literary style in northern Shaanxi. After it was captured by the Communist Party, it became an empty city due to murder and arson. Before the Xi’an Incident, there were only traces of wolves. silhouette.”
After the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, they received military pay from the government. The CCP also “practiced the true knowledge” and realized that the excessively drastic left-leaning policies would not work and could not win the support of the masses. The policy changed from radical to lenient, and “confiscating all property of the land and rich” to Rent and interest are reduced, and if the escaped landlord returns, he will be given another land and house, or a portion of the confiscated land will be returned to him. Big slogans on the streets of Yan’an in March 1938 – “Welcome businessmen to invest,” “Improve people’s lives,” and “Practice broad-based democracy!”
During the Yan’an period, rent and interest reductions were implemented, and the land and wealth were no longer completely deprived of property during the Yan’an period. Landowners and capitalists are also included in the “people”, ranking before farmers and workers. The squires who use money to support the Chinese Communist government are called “enlightened people” and assigned political seats, such as senators and vice-chairmen. Such as Li Dingming.
Mao Zedong personally ordered the killing of the landlord’s entire family (including children)
At least two pieces of information can confirm this (Zhang Guotao, Hu Qiaomu). Zhang Guotao said that Mao Zedong personally admitted to him the burning and killing during the Jinggangshan period, and that he personally ordered the killing of the landlord’s entire family, including children of several years old. Hu Qiaomu: “During the Autumn Harvest Riots, murder and arson were advocated. Chairman Mao said that he personally lit the fire. Once the fire was set, the surrounding farmers ran away, and the masses did not approve of it at all.” In March 1928, Zhou Lu, the representative of the Southern Hunan Special Committee, told Mao Said: “Our policy is to burn, burn, burn! Burn down the houses of all the local tyrants and evil gentry! Kill, kill, kill “Kill all the local tyrants and evil gentry!” “Our goal in burning houses is to turn the petty bourgeoisie into proletarians and then force them to make revolution.” Ye. People in the countryside don’t know the distance. They don’t know how to turn back when they go hundreds of miles away, so why not be afraid?”
Report of Liu Shiqi (1902-1933), Secretary of the Southwest Jiangxi Special Committee, on October 7, 1930:
The economy of the landlords and commercial bourgeoisie is increasingly bankrupt. In urban shops, no peasants are taking to the streets. Some are closed and some are moved away. Suddenly, hundreds of thousands of local poor people are added to Ji’an and Ganzhou (Jin Handing reported that there are 190,000 people in Ji’an). , Ganzhou is not far behind), the poor wife and daughter, the former majestic now Most of them worked as prostitutes in Ganzhou, Ji’an, and were poor people who carried water and worked. Now they have come back to surrender to the Soviets. They are willing to give up all their property and ask the Soviets not to kill them… The reactionary government in Jiangxi Province has also been greatly reduced economically. , used to earn 800,000 yuan a month, but now only earns 70,000 to 80,000 yuan. The porcelain industry in Jingdezhen used to have a monthly output of 1.6 million, but now it only has 160,000. The financial and economic difficulties of the ruling class have reached the extreme.
On November 6, 1929, the Special Committee of Western Fujian reported: “Generally, the minds of comrades who failed in the struggle in the past are full of murderous ideas. They kill people too casually, thinking that the reactionaries can kill them all.” Southwest Jiangxi, according to 1 “Red Flag” in June 1930, “The gentry and landlords in the countryside have no place to live. They are caught, killed, and run away. In the villages of more than 20 counties in southwestern Jiangxi, the farmers’ associations have become organs of the provisional political power.” ”
(The original text has been abridged and represents only the author’s personal views and stance)
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