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What is the final fate of the descendants of the great writer Su Shi? (Picture source: Hand-drawn illustration Winnie Wang/Look at China)
Su DongpoHe was a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty in my country and one of the eight great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties. He, his father Su Xun, and his younger brother Su Zhe were known as the “Three Sus”. He married two wives and one concubine during his lifetime, all of whom were women surnamed Wang. The two wives were Wang Fu and her cousin Wang Jizhang (Wang Runzhi), and the first concubine was Wang Chaoyun. So how many sons did Su Shi have in his life? What is the ending of Su Shi’s sons? Let’s take a look at the descendants of this great writer and their final outcome through their brief introductions.
Su Dongpo had four sons in his life. The eldest son Su Mai was born to his first wife Wang Fu, the second son Su Ji and the third son Su Guo were born to the successor Wang Jizhang (Wang Runzhi), and the younger son Su Dun was born to his concubine Wang Chaoyun. Died at an early age.
Su Mai, courtesy name Weikang, was Su Shi’s eldest son and was born to Su Shi’s first wife Wang Fu. A native of Meishan, Meizhou, he was born in 1059. In 1065, Su Shi was sentenced to Wenguyuan and Zhishi Museum. Su Mai studied in Beijing with his father. In May, his mother died and he studied in Meishan after he was 8 years old. In 1068, Su Shi married Wang Jizhang (Wang Runzhi), Wang Fu’s cousin, and Su Mai was raised by Wang Jizhang (Wang Runzhi).
When the eldest son Su Mai was 13 years old, he followed Su Dongpo to Hangzhou and spent three happy years there. After Su Dongpo was sent to Mizhou, Shandong (today’s Zhucheng City), Su Mai also lived in hardship. When Su Dongpo was imprisoned for the “Wutai Poetry Case”, 21-year-old Su Mai delivered meals to his father every day and tried every means to find connections to rescue his father. After Su Dongpo was released from prison, he was exiled to Huangzhou, and Su Mai accompanied him.
In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Mai was awarded the rank of scholar. At the age of 26, he was awarded the title of Dexing County Lieutenant in Raozhou (now Boyang, Jiangxi). This was the first time that Su Mai left his father to become an official. Su Dongpo, who was 49 years old at the time, sent Su Mai to Hukou in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province. They visited Shizhong Mountain together at night and wrote “The Story of Shizhong Mountain”. Su Dongpo also gave Su Mai an inkstone and wrote “Mai Inkstone” to encourage his son.
Su Mai obeyed his father’s instructions and became an official. He loved the people and was diligent. According to the Kangxi edition of “Dexing County Chronicles”, Su Mai was “quick in political affairs and used whips as a last resort. The people could not bear to be bullied and later generations looked up to him.” Su Dongpo said in “A Letter to Chen Jichang” that “the eldest son Mai is an official and has a father-like character.” wind.”
In 1077, Su Mai, who was eighteen or nineteen years old, married Lu Tao and gave birth to a son, Tan, in 1078. In 1082, Su Mai’s wife Lu died of illness and was buried in Huangzhou. In the first month of 1085, Su Mai remarried Shi Kangbo’s daughter. He also had two concubines, Li and Gao. Su Mai successively served as Dexing Lieutenant of Raozhou, military promotion officer of Fangzhou, and magistrate of Zhihejian County. In 1107, he took up the post of Jiahe Ling. In 1112, he dismissed Jiahe Ling and returned to Sujiahu.
On the one hand, Su Mai inherited his father’s quality of not being groveling, but on the other hand, he was also affected by his father’s demotion. He had no high-ranking officials in his life. His highest official position was state and county magistrate, and he was dismissed several times. In 1113, 55-year-old Su Mai lived in Sujia Lake. He often took his grandson to live in the hermitage of his father-in-law Lu Tao in Longgang Spring, Huangzang Valley. On March 15, 1119, Su Mai died in Longgang Spring at the age of 61.
Su Ji, the second son of Su Shi, was originally named Shuji and Zhuseng, with the courtesy name Zhongyu, also known as Su Bing, Su Bing, and Su Ding. He was born in 1070 to his mother Wang Jizhang (Wang Runzhi). Su Yi suffered from polio and was unable to walk until he was 4 years old. According to legend, until Su Dongpo came to Hangzhou to serve as a general magistrate, he asked the master to ordain Su Yan, rub his head, and named him Zhu monk. In fact, he lived with his parents, but he was able to walk soon. Su Dongpo once wrote a poem: “I have a long head, and my horns stand out like rhinoceros.” What he said was that Su Dong had a strange appearance.
Su Yi followed Su Dongpo around the world since he was a child. His health was still not good when he reached adulthood, but he was educated by his father and was quite talented. According to “The Complete Works of Dongpo”, when Su Yi was 16 years old, he went to Dengzhou with his father. When passing through Huaikou, he encountered a big sailboat and was unable to sail. He wrote a poem “Encountering the Wind at Huaikou” to describe the power of thousands of hectares of wind and waves sweeping across thousands of mountains and lonely clouds. and momentum. Su Dongpo praised it highly in “Using Its Rhyme in Poems and Plays Encountering the Wind in Huaikou”: “My poems are like a sick man, crying sadly to the fading grass. If there is a son who is really a son, a group of horses will be knocked down by his spray.” Su Dongpo also warned his son at the same time. “Don’t chant to nourish your energy. Don’t gain fame too early.” However, Su Yi’s poem has not been handed down.
When Su Dongpo was demoted to Guangdong, Su Yi wanted to follow him. Su Dongpo couldn’t bear the suffering of too many children, so he persuaded Su Yi and Su Mai to settle down in Yixing, Jiangsu Province. In 1093, he was appointed Dr. Taichang of Raozhou in the name of Su Bing. In 1094, in the name of Su Ding, he passed the Jiawu Lian Kejie Jinshi in the first year of Zhe Zong Shaosheng’s reign and was awarded the title of doctor of the Han Dynasty. Later he was demoted to participate in the administration of Guangdong Province and Leju Panyu Weiyong Nanbianfang.
After Su Dongpo passed away, Su Yi studied hard for ten years and achieved quite a lot. Chen Shidao, one of the “Six Gentlemen of Su Sect”, praised in his poem “Farewell to Su”: “Thousands of years of experience are in my heart, and I travel to hundreds of rivers in my writings.” In 1111 AD, at the age of 42, Su Xi, who had always been indifferent to fame and fortune, was forced to live in poverty and After much persuasion from relatives, he reluctantly went to Wuchang and became a treasury officer, “traveling thousands of miles away”.
According to historical records, Su Ji once served as a member of the driving department, Wai Lang (seventh grade). Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty died in the first year of Jingkang at the age of 57.
Su Guo, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, was given the courtesy name Shudang and the title Xiechuan Jushi. He was the third son of Su Shi and was born to Wang Runzhi. He grew up by his father’s side from childhood to the age of thirty. Therefore, Su Guo was not only good at poetry and writing, but also good at calligraphy and painting. Among Su Dongpo’s sons, the third son Su Guo’s personality and literary talent were quite similar to his father, so he was also known as “Little Po” by the world.
Su Dongpo praised Su Guo: “The young boy has great ambitions. He sits up in the Huangting Courtyard at noon. In recent years, he has played Lingyun Fu, and his writing style is like the Li Sao Sutra.” Su Guo’s young man followed his father through frequent migrations, and it can be said that he experienced all the bitterness. . Su Dongpo was wronged and wronged, his career was frustrated, and his family struggled to survive. These experiences deeply affected Su Guo and forged his will to endure hardships together with his father.
Su Guo stayed with Su Dongpo for the longest time. When Su Dongpo was demoted to Huizhou, Guangdong and Danzhou, Hainan, Su Guo always accompanied him. This experience must be mentioned in Su Dongpo’s life footprint, so Su Guo’s name is also widely known.
As the father and son walk together on the bumpy road of life, they often sing poems, which is the most tender comfort between father and son. When father and son traveled to Luofu Mountain in Huizhou together, Su Dongpo wrote the poem “A Tour in Luofu Mountain to Show His Son a Passion”. The 22-year-old Su Guo wrote a poem “A Tour to Luofu Mountain with the Adults” to comfort his father, and also revealed that he was willing to A state of mind that is indifferent and does not seek wealth:
Don’t be alarmed that the sea is thousands of miles away, but at the foot of the mountain there are only five acres of land to cultivate.
It is no lie that life is full of electricity. Dachun has already mourned Lao Peng.
The abbot of Penglai is so close now. Wealth, wealth and wealth are all important.
Jie Mao wants to be a friend of the elk, but has no intention of sitting in front of the ferocious jackals and tigers.
In Huizhou for three years, Su Guo farmed, studied, and took care of his old father. There is a poem by Su Dongpo that says: “Children plow and raise their children, and when they have free time, they write books.” Historical records record that although Su Guo was tired of being an official, in the last ten years of his life, he had to work as an official to make a living, but he was dismissed due to the party ban.
In 1112, he supervised the original tax of the eunuchs, and in 1115, he knew the city of Yan. In 1123, Tongjingzhou was established. Su Guo was influenced by his father who admired Tao Yuanming and wrote a large number of “Poems with Tao”. He also admired Tao Yuanming’s reclusive life. When Su Guo was 50 years old, he returned to Xuchang and lived a pastoral life. Because it happened to be the same year when Tao Yuanming lived in Xiechuan, Su Guo named the place where he lived Xiao Xiechuan and called himself Xiechuan layman. Therefore, Su Guo’s collection of works is called “Xiechuan Collection”.
In the fifth year of the Xuanhe reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty (1123 AD), the 52-year-old Su Guo once again became an official and served as the general magistrate of Dingzhou, Hebei. It is said that Su Guo unfortunately encountered robbers on his way to his post and was coerced into joining the gang. He refused to give in and shouted at the robbers: “Do you know Su Naihan? I am his son. How can I beg for life with you?” Time!” That night, Su Guo drank all night and passed away.
After Su Guo passed away, he was buried near the Sansu Tomb in the Su Dongpo Cemetery in Jiaxian County, Henan Province. From then on, he was always with his father.
Cui Zizhong of the Ming Dynasty, “Drawing Su Shi Leaving a Belt”, depicts Su Shi’s loss of the jade belt around his waist after discussing verses with Foyin, a monk at Jinshan Temple. (Image source: National Palace Museum)
Youngest son Su Dun
Su Dongpo wrote a poem after his youngest son was washed three days after he was born according to custom, called “Poetry for Washing Children”:
Everyone hopes to be smart when they raise their children, but I have been deceived by being smart all my life.
I only hope that my child will be foolish and careless, and that he will be able to come to the palace without any trouble.
At that time, Su Dongpo was imprisoned due to the “Wutai Poetry Case”. After escaping from death, he was demoted to Huangzhou, Hubei Province. Chaoyun, who was with him through thick and thin, gave birth to Su Dun. This poem was written for children and was inspired by personal experiences. Su Dongpo hoped that his son would be “foolish and rude” and “reach a high position”. This was actually a subtle use of the topic to satirize the powerful, and also to express his helplessness of being full of economics but failing to achieve his goals.
After his youngest son died at the age of two, Su Dongpo wrote two poems in mourning, “Crying Son Escape”, which were unbearably sad. One of them wrote about his own pain. He said, “When I return, my arms are empty, and my old tears are like water.” The concubine Wang Chaoyun said about the pain of losing a child, “I feel like I forget my life, and I lie down all day long.”
Editor in charge: Gufeng Source: Look at China
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