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The CCP’s land reforms killed landlords, and the entire countryside was shrouded in red terror and bloodshed. (Internet picture)
In June 1950, the CCP decided to launch a “land reform” movement. With a single order, the entire countryside was immediately enveloped inred terroramidst the bloody storm, more than 2 millionlandownerheads fell to the ground one after another. Why does the CCP want to carry out “land reform“Why do we want to kill so many landlords? The CCP’s primary purpose of land reform is to plunder the landowners.”wealth.
The first major purpose of the CCP’s land reform: to plunder the wealth of landlords
The American journalist Edgar Snow, the author of “The Journey to the West”, once said something like this (to the general effect): I once asked Mao Zedong that during the Jinggangshan period, the area of the Soviet area was only that large, with a population of only more than 2 million. Annual taxes are limited. How do you manage to pay hundreds of thousands of Red Army troops? Mao Zedong “discussed others” and avoided Snow’s questions.
Why didn’t Mao Zedong just say it? There is obviously something unspeakable.
In the 1930s, the Red Army launched five “counter-encirclement and suppression” campaigns in Jinggangshan, with guns and cannons firing, fires soaring into the sky, and good news coming… In the end, they were defeated and fled. The battle was so lively. Where did the money, food, military supplies, weapons and ammunition supplies that supported the lively scene come from?
“The blood of soldiers (peasants)” is easy to understand. People die in wars, and the dead soldiers are farmers. “The blood and sweat of farmers” is also easy to understand. War consumes money, and what is consumed is naturally the hard-earned money of farmers.
What is “the blood of the landlord” all about? It turns out that since the Autumn Harvest Rebellion in 1927 and the establishment of an armed separatist regime in Jinggangshan, the Chinese Communist Party led by Mao Zedong has always followed the method of “attacking local tyrants” to solve the problem of military food and military pay.
Every time they “liberated” a place, they killed all the landowners there and seized their wealth to use as food and pay for the army. The “red areas” (areas occupied by the Communist Party) had all kinds of “tycoons” in the area, and there was no money to be made, so they sent raiding teams to the “white areas” (areas occupied by the Kuomintang) on dark and windy nights. Beat the “local tyrants” and kill them Kill them all and plunder them all… Over time, all the “rich” people who were close to the “White Zone” were also eliminated, and all the common people escaped, forming a “red and white border” more than 30 miles wide and an uninhabited “yin and yang”. “territory boundary”…
After 1949, there was a lot of waste waiting to be done, money was needed everywhere, it was difficult to make ends meet, and the financial crisis was quite serious. In terms of military affairs, the west wants to invade Tibet, the south wants to “liberate” Hainan Island, the southeast prepares to attack Taiwan, and the north wants to “resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea.” Where will the millions of “People’s Liberation Army” military supplies and salaries come from? …Thus, the largest “land reform” movement in history to “attack the local tyrants” and plunder the property of the richest Jiangnan rural landlords came into being.
In June 1950, the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed the “Eight Major Tasks”, the first of which was to carry out land reform. Mao Zedong made no secret of the fact that “land reform” should be listed as “the primary condition for achieving a basic improvement in the financial and economic situation.” ——This is the first real purpose of “land reform”: to seize the wealth of landlords and relieve the financial crisis of the new red regime.
The second major purpose of the CCP’s land reform: to kill one person to serve as a warning to others
The second major purpose of “land reform” is to use the blood of landlords to consolidate the new red political power.
After the CCP came to power, the Kuomintang and its remaining military and political personnel sent to the mainland resisted very strongly. Spontaneous banditry is also very rampant, and they often “take down” a township government suddenly one night. The new red regime is in trouble internally and externally, and is in danger of being overthrown at any time. At this time, Mao Zedong believed that the arrogance of the “counter-revolutionaries” must be suppressed… Who should be killed? Unfortunately, history has chosen the “landlord” as the “chicken” to “fear the monkeys”.
During the “land reform”, the power to approve killings was at the district level. The district chief or district party secretary in his twenties had the power of life and death over more than 100,000 people in the district. Late at night, the district and township cadre meeting ended. Everyone went to bed after a tiring day. The young district party secretary (or district chief) sat under a kerosene lamp and drew up tomorrow’s murder list based on the materials reported by each township.
At this time, if the young man has a kind heart and is a little merciful with the “red pen” in his hand, and tries not to put a red tick on the people who can or cannot be killed, these people may survive. If this young man has a strong concept of “class struggle” and becomes red-eyed and continues to sketch with his “ink pen”, more than a dozen landlords will have their Tianling Caps blown off on the execution ground tomorrow… If this young man dozes off, “Zhubi” mistakenly clicked on the name of a person who was not intended to be killed, and did not notice the mistake when he woke up. This person will be finished tomorrow!
Although the power to kill people lies at the district level, in fact, if a certain township cadre wants to kill someone, or even a poor farmhand wants to kill someone because of a personal vendetta, the district party committee secretary will rarely disapprove it.
The scene of the struggle against the landlords was very barbaric, with fists, feet, shoe soles, sticks, and whips being used all at once, and the beatings left the skin and flesh torn, blood vomited from the mouth, muscles and bones broken, and the sound of screams and wailing could be heard endlessly. Regarding some imposed charges, the landlord kneeling on the struggle stage wanted to explain. As soon as he spoke tremblingly, the audience, led by the activists, erupted into a deafening roar of slogans, drowning the weak and pitiful voice of the landlord; the activists on the stage The elements immediately slap, punch and kick you until you can’t even speak…
At this juncture, what comes into play is “human nature.” If this landowner had a particularly gentle temperament, was very generous to others, had never offended anyone before, and had no one sue him, he might be able to escape with a small life. If a poor peasant and laborer has been offended for decades over some trivial matter or careless words, and at the instigation of land reform cadres, the poor peasant and laborer accuses him of being a “tyrant landlord,” that’s the end of it. ——As long as someone calls you a “bully landlord”, you are a “bully landlord” and there is no room for argument.
On the side of the poor and lower-middle peasants, if they are kind and compassionate, feel pity for the landlords when they see them being beaten and killed, do not hold grudges against past trivial matters, are magnanimous and say nothing, the landlord may be able to save his life. If he is an activist who is naturally jealous and takes pleasure in misfortune, he will feel happy when he sees people suffering, and he will be excited when he sees people being killed. When he complains, he will add fuel to the fire and make things out of thin air. Landowners will die one by one in his hands… There are also those who cannot stand the repeated persuasion of land reform cadres and say A wrong sentence led to the death of a certain landowner. Afterwards, the kind farmer’s conscience found out that he regretted it for the rest of his life!
There are no standards for killing landlords. Every village must be killed, and it is impossible not to kill. The above-mentioned policy stipulates: “Every household (the landlord’s house) smokes, and every village sees red.” Assume that no one in that village is qualified to be a landlord, then promote the rich peasants to landlords; if there are not even rich peasants, then “pick a general from among the dwarfs” and promote a certain unlucky wealthy middle peasant… In short, at least one must be killed. , kill him as a warning to others!
In those days, landowners were killed by putting a gun to the back of their head and shooting diagonally upward from behind. With a gunshot, Tianling Gai was blown away, and red blood and white brains were scattered all over the floor… bloody, cruel, and terrifying. Those who witnessed it could not help but tremble all over, and even screamed in nightmares for several nights. He woke up, covering his face and crying… Too many people were killed, and they were frightened. The resisters shrank their heads, and the new red regime was consolidated.
Editor in charge: Fu Longshan
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